Why a combined estimate isn't just low + low and high + high
Add up the low ends of five projects and you get a best case that almost never happens — every job would have to land at its cheapest at the same time. Add up the high ends and you get a worst case that's just as unlikely. The honest answer sits in between, and it's tighter than the naive sum: across many projects, some run high while others run low, so the combined total clusters toward the middle (the portfolio effect).
But the projects aren't fully independent, either. A hot regional labor market or a materials price spike pushes several of your projects up at once. Ignoring that correlation would understate your risk and give a false sense of confidence — so the simulator links the projects through a shared market factor. The result is a distribution: a most-likely total, and a safer-budget (P90) figure you have about a 9-in-10 chance of coming in under.